Periodic depression, also sometimes called unipolar or recurrent depression, is characterized by recurrent states of prolonged sadness, decreased performance, hopelessness, and exhaustion. These episodes of psychological decline last for weeks or months and are interspersed with periods when the sufferer feels relief.

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Periodic depression is often endogenous, meaning that it is not necessarily due to an objective problem, stress or trauma in the life of the sufferer. However, periodic depression can also take the form of seasonal depression. In such a case, the onset of the depressive attack is influenced by the season.

Typically, it can be a period with a lack of sunlight, when we do not have enough vitamin D, which affects the production of serotonin in the brain, or on the contrary, spring, which evokes new energy that a depressed person does not have and thus feels a deep disproportion between his mental state and the influences of the environment.

• persistent sad mood or despair
• inability to experience positive emotions such as joy, cheerfulness or enthusiasm
• disinterest in activities and hobbies that used to stimulate, amuse and enjoy the sufferer
• marked decrease in energy and increased fatigue

• impaired short-term memory, attention and concentration
• lowered self-esteem, which can lead to feelings of self-hatred
• suicidal tendencies and self-harm at the stage of fantasies or attempts
• hopelessness, the inability to imagine that the situation could change
• changes in sleep rhythm, excessive need for sleep or, conversely, insomnia
• lack of appetite or, conversely, an increased need for food containing carbohydrates
• self-blame and unjustified search for self-inflicted condition

In the case of treatment of periodic depression, the primary role is played by targeted psychotherapy, which in more severe cases must be supplemented by appropriate drugs that do not cause dependence and do not limit the quality of life of the sufferer (feelings of numbness, etc.). Such medication clearly includes third- and fourth-generation antidepressants. The psychotherapeutic method must be chosen carefully, particularly with regard to the specifics of depressive conditions, but above all with regard to the personality of the client.

We usually choose between cognitive behavioural therapy, systemic and strategic therapy, daseinsanalytic psychotherapy or logotherapy. Training in breathing and muscle strategies and practicing the relaxation technique of Mindfulness are very effective adjuncts.